Chua Circuit Bibliography

Chua Circuit Bibliography 

(working links as of 12/18/2019)

I'm continuing with oscillating circuit experiments. More inductors are being delivered in the next few weeks. This is a list of Chua Diode and Circuit articles with working (free) links. Some are pretty advanced and focus on equations and synchronization--the earlier the year of publication the more physical circuit-based (fun) it will be if you're building your own circuits and playing with oscilloscopes or LTspice:

·          Aguirre, L.A. [1995] "The use of identified models in the control of a chaotic circuit," 1995 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.95CH35771). IEEE. Part vol.2, pp.1528-1531.

·          Aguirre, L.A., Souza, A.V.P. [1998] "An algorithm for estimating fixed points of dynamical systems from time series," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.8, no.11, pp.2203-2213.

·          Aguirre, L.A., Torres, L.A.B. [1997] "Fixed point stability analysis of Chua's circuit: a case study with a real circuit," Journal of Circuits Systems & Computers, vol.7, no.2, pp.111-115.

·          Aissi, C., Fadul, F. [1997] "Chaos in conditionally reset linear systems," Journal of Circuits Systems & Computers, vol.7, no.3, pp.177-189.

·          Alexeyev, A.A., Osipov, G.V., Shalfeev, V.D. [1995] "Effects of square-wave modulation on CNN patterns," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.42, no.10, pp.700-705.

·          Algaba, A., Freire, E., Gamero, E., Rodriguez-Luis, A.J. [1999] "On the Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation in the Chua's equation," IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications & Computer Sciences, vol.E82-A, no.9, pp.1722-1728.

·          Altman, E.J. [1993] "Normal Form Analysis of Chua`s Circuit with Applications for Trajectory Recognition," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II-Analog & Digital Signal Processing, vol.40, no.10, pp.675-682.

·          Alvarez, J., Alvarez, J., Velasco, M. [1997] "Approximate model-matching for nonlinear systems with a small time-delay; application to a chaotic Chua circuit," Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.97CH36124). IEEE. Part vol.2, pp.1631-1636.

·          Anishchenko, V.S., Kapitaniak, T., Safonova, M.A., Sosnovzeva, O.V. [1994] "Birth of double-double scroll attractor in coupled Chua circuits," Physics Letters A, vol.192, no.2-4, pp.207-214.

·          Anshan, H. [1988] "A Study of the Chaotic Phenomena in Chua's Circuit," Proceedings of 1988 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.88CH2458-8). IEEE. vol.1, pp.273-276.

·          Arena, P., Baglio, S., Fortuna, L., Manganaro, G. [1995] "Chua's circuit can be generated by CNN cells," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.42, no.2, pp.123-125.

·          Arena, P., Baglio, S., Fortuna, L., Manganaro, G. [1995] "Simplified scheme for realisation of Chua oscillator by using SC-CNN cells," Electronics Letters, vol.31, no.21, pp.1794-1795.

·          Arena, P., Baglio, S., Fortuna, L., Xibilia, M.G. [1995] "Chaotic time series prediction via quaternionic multilayer perceptrons," 1995 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Intelligent Systems for the 21st Century (Cat. No.95CH3576-7). IEEE. Part vol.2, pp.1790-1794.

·          Arena, P., Caponetto, R., Fortuna, L., Muscato, G., Xibilia, M.G. [1996] "Quaternionic multilayer perceptrons for chaotic time series prediction," IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications & Computer Sciences, vol.E79-A, no.10, pp.1682-1688.

·          Arena, P., Fortuna, L., Porto, D., Rizzo, A. [1999] "Self-organisation in arrays of nonlinear systems induced by chaotic perturbation: An experimental approach," ISCAS'99. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems VLSI (Cat. No.99CH36349). IEEE. Part vol.5, pp.479-482.

·          Astakhov, V., Shabunin, A., Anishchenko, V. [1998] "Synchronization of self-oscillations by parametric excitation," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.8, no.7, pp.1605-1612.

·          Bartissol, P., Chua, L.O. [1988] "The Double Hook (Nonlinear Chaotic Circuits)," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems, vol.35, no.12, pp.1512-1522.

·          Bernardo, M.Di [1996] "A purely adaptive controller to synchronize and control chaotic systems," Physics Letters A, vol.214, no.3-4, 13 May 1996, pp.139-144.

·          Berns, D.W., Moiola, J.L., Guanrong, C. [1998] "Predicting period-doubling bifurcations and multiple oscillations in nonlinear time-delayed feedback systems," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.45, no.7, pp.759-763.

·          Berns, D.W., Moiola, J.L., Guanrong, C. [1998] "Predicting period-doubling bifurcations in nonlinear time-delayed feedback systems," Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.98CH36187). IEEE. Part vol.3, pp.619-622.

·          Biey, M., Bonani, F., Gilli, M., Maio, I. [1996] "Influence of the parasitics on the time delayed Chua's circuit," 8th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference. Industrial Applications in Power Systems, Computer Science and Telecommunications. Proceedings (Cat. No.96CH35884). IEEE. Part vol.1, pp.443-446.

·          Biey, M., Bonani, F., Gilli, M., Maio, I. [1997] "Qualitative Analysis of the Dynamics of the Time-delayed Chua's Circuit," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.44, no.6, pp.486-500.

·          Biey, M., Gilli, M., Maio, I., Premoli, A. [1998] "A computer program for accurate time-domain analysis of 1D-arrays of Chua's oscillators," Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.98CH36187). IEEE. Part vol.3, pp.383-386.

·          Bonani, F., Gilli, M. [1999] "A harmonic balance approach to bifurcation analysis of limit cycles," ISCAS'99. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems VLSI (Cat. No.99CH36349). IEEE. Part vol.6, pp.298-301.

·          Bonani, F., Gilli, M. [1999] "Analysis of stability and bifurcations of limit cycles in Chua's circuit through the harmonic-balance approach," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.46, no.8, pp.881-890.

·          Bonet, J., Pala, P., Milo, J.M. [1998] "A discrete-time approach to the steady state analysis of distributed nonlinear autonomous circuits," Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.98CH36187). IEEE. Part vol.3, pp.460-464.

·          Bonet-Dalmau, J., Pala-Schonwalder, P., del Aguila-Lopez, F. [1999] "Steady state analysis of Chua's circuit with RLCG transmission line," ICECS'99. Proceedings of ICECS '99. 6th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.99EX357). IEEE. Part vol.2, pp.819-822.

·          Broucke, M.E. [1987] "One Parameter Bifurcation Diagram for Chua's Circuit," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems, vol.CAS-34, no.2, pp.208-209.

·          Brown, R. [1993] "Generalizations of the Chua Equations," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.40, no.11, pp.878-884.

·          Brucoli, M., Cafagna, D., Carnimeo, L., Grassi, G. [1996] "Hyperchaotic circuits for secure communications: an efficient synchronization technique," Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems. ICECS '96 (Cat. No.96TH8229). IEEE. Part vol.2, pp.639-642.

·          Brucoli, M., Cafagna, D., Carnimeo, L., Grassi, G. [1998] "Synchronization of hyperchaotic circuits via continuous feedback control with application to secure communications," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.8, no.10, pp.2031-2040.

·          Brucoli, M., Cafagna, D., Carnimeo, L., Grassi, G. [1999] "Design of a hyperchaotic cryptosystem: based on identical and generalized synchronization," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.9, no.10, pp.2027-2037.

·          Brucoli, M., Carnimeo, L., Grassi, G. [1996] "On the dynamics of hyperchaotic circuits: a new synchronization approach," 8th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference. Industrial Applications in Power Systems, Computer Science and Telecommunications. Proceedings (Cat. No.96CH35884). IEEE. Part vol.1, pp.435-438.

·          Bykov, V.V. [1998] "On bifurcations leading to chaos in Chua's circuit," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.8, no.4, pp.685-699.

·          Calvo, O., Cartwright, J.H.E. [1998] "Fuzzy control of chaos," World Scientific. International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.8, no.8, pp.1743-1747.

·          Caponetto, R., Fortuna, L., Lavorgoa, M., Manganaro, G., Occhipinti, L.[1996] "Experimental study on chaotic synchronisation with non-ideal transmission channel," IEEE GLOBECOM 1996. Communications: The Key to Global Prosperity. Conference Record (Cat. No.96CH35942). IEEE. Part vol.3, pp.2083-2087.

·          Caponetto, R., Fortuna, L., Occhipinti, L., Xibilia, M.G. [1998] "Hyperchaotic dynamic generation via SC-CNNs for secure transmission applications," 1998 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks Proceedings. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (Cat. No.98CH36227). IEEE. Part vol.1, pp.492-496.

·          Chen, G. [1997] "On Some Controllability Conditions for Chaotic Dynamics Control," Chaos Solitons & Fractals, vol.8, no.9, pp.1461-1470.

·          Chen, G., Dong, X. [1993] "Ordering Chaos of Chua's Circuit-A Feedback Control Approach," Proceedings of 1993 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol.4, pp.2604-2607.

·          Choi, I. [1994] "Interactive exploration of a chaotic oscillator for generating musical signals in real-time concert performance," Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol.331B, no.6, pp.785-818.

·          Chua, L.O. [1992] "A Zoo of Strange Attractors from the Canonical Chua's Circuits," Proceedings of the 35th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.92CH3099-9). IEEE. vol.2, pp.916-926.

·          Chua, L.O. [1993] "Global Unfolding of Chua's Circuit," IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications & Computer Sciences, vol.E76-A, no.5, pp.704-734.

·          Chua, L.O. [1994] "Chua's circuit: ten years later," IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications & Computer Sciences, vol.E77-A, no.11, Nov. 1994, pp.1811-1822.

·          Chua, L.O. [1995] "A glimpse of nonlinear phenomena from Chua's oscillator," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London a Mathematical & Physical Sciences, vol.353, no.1701, pp.3-12.

·          Chua, L.O., Huynh, L.T. [1992] "Bifurcation Analysis of Chua's Circuit," Proceedings of the 35th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.92CH3099-9). IEEE. vol.1, pp.746-751.

·          Chua, L.O., Lin, G-N. [1990] "Canonical Realization of Chua's Circuit Family," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems, vol.37, no.7, pp.885-902.

·          Chua, L.O., Lin, G-n. [1991] "Intermittency in a Piecewise-linear Circuit," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems, vol.38, no.5, pp.510-20.

·          Chua, L.O., Pivka, L., Wu, C-W. [1995] "A universal circuit for studying chaotic phenomena," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London a Mathematical & Physical Sciences, vol.353, no.1701, pp.65-84.

·          Chua, L.O., Wu, C.W., Huang, A., Zhong, G-Q. [1993] "A Universal Circuit for Studying and Generating Chaos. I. Routes to Chaos," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.40, no.10, pp.732-744.

·          Chua, L.O., Wu, C.W., Huang, A., Zhong, G-Q. [1993] "A Universal Circuit for Studying and Generating Chaos. II. Strange Attractors," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.40, no.10, pp.745-761.

·          Chua, L.O., Yang, T., Zhong, G-Q., Wu, C-W. [1996] "Synchronization of Chua's circuits with time-varying channels and parameters," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.43, no.10, pp.862-868.

·          Chua, LO., Komuro, M., Matsumoto, T. [1986] "The Double Scroll Family," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems, vol.CAS-33, no.11, pp.1073-1118.

·          Civalleri, P.P., Gilli, M. [1999] "Analysis of nonlinear dynamic arrays, through spatial mode decomposition," ISCAS'99. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems VLSI (Cat. No.99CH36349). IEEE. Part vol.5, pp.310-313.

·          Claussen, J.C., Mausbach, T., Piel, A., Schuster, H.G. [1998] "Memory difference control of unknown unstable fixed points: Drifting parameter conditions and delayed measurement," Physical Review E. Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, & Related Interdisciplinary Topics, vol.58, no.6, pp.7256-7260.

·          Corron, N.J., Hahs, D.W. [1997] "A New Approach to Communications Using Chaotic Signals," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.44, no.5, pp.373-382.

·          Cruz, J.M., Chua, L.O. [1992] "A CMOS IC Nonlinear Resistor for Chua's Circuit," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.39, no.12, pp.985-995.

·          Cruz, J.M., Chua, L.O. [1993] "An IC Chip of Chua`s Circuit," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II-Analog & Digital Signal Processing, vol.40, no.10, pp.614-625.

·          Dabrowski, A.M., Dabrowski, W.R., Ogorzalek, M.J. [1993] "Dynamic Phenomena in Chain Interconnections of Chua's Circuits," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.40, no.11, pp.868-871.

·          Daqin, Z., Zhong, R., Shi, L., Shenchu, X. [1996] "Anti-jamming of chaotic signals," ICSP '96. 1996 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing Proceedings (Cat. No.96TH8116). IEEE. Part vol.1, pp.261-263.

·          Dedieu, H., Kennedy, M.P., Hasler, M. [1993] "Chaos Shift Keying: Modulation and Demodulation of a Chaotic Carrier Using Self-synchronizing Chua`s Circuits," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II-Analog & Digital Signal Processing, vol.40, no.10, pp.634-642.

·          Dedieu, H., Ogorzalek, M.J. [1997] "Identifiability and identification of chaotic systems based on adaptive synchronization," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.44, no.10, pp.948-962.

·          Delgado-Restituto, M., Linan, M., Rodriguez-Vazquez, A. [1996] "IC design for spread spectrum communication exploiting chaos," 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Circuits and Systems Connecting the World, ISCAS 96 (Cat. No.96CH35876). IEEE. Part vol.3, pp.178-181.

·          Dellnitz, M., Field, M., Golubitsky, M., Hohmann, A., Jun, M. [1995] "Cycling chaos," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.42, no.10, pp.821-823.

·          Dellnitz, M., Junge, O. [1997] "Almost invariant sets in Chua's circuit," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.7, no.11, pp.2475-2485.

·          Doerner, R., Hubinger, B., Martienssen, W. [1994] "Advanced chaos forecasting," Physical Review E. Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, & Related Interdisciplinary Topics, vol.50, no.1, pp.R12-15.

·          Duchesne, L. [1993] "Using Characteristic Multiplier Loci to Predict Bifurcation Phenomena and Chaos - a Tutorial," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.40, no.10, pp.683-688.

·          Eguchi, K., Inoue, T., Tsuneda, A. [1999] "Synthesis and analysis of a digital chaos circuit generating multiple-scroll strange attractors," IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications & Computer Sciences, vol.E82-A, no.6, pp.965-972.

·          Elgar, S., Chandran, V. [1993] "Higher Order Spectral Analysis of Chua's Circuit," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.40, no.10, pp.689-692.

·          Elgar, S., Vanhoff, B., Aguirre, L.A., Freitas, U.S., Chandran, V. [1998] "Higher-order spectra of nonlinear polynomial models for Chua's circuit," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.8, no.12, pp.2425-2431.

·          Elwakil, A.S., Kennedy, M.P. [1999] "Chaotic oscillator configuration using a frequency dependent negative resistor," Journal of Circuits Systems & Computers, vol.9, no.3-4, pp.229-242.

·          Femat, R., Alvarez-Ramirez, J., Castillo-Toledo, B., Gonzalez, J. [1999] "On robust chaos suppression in a class of nondriven oscillators: application to the Chua's circuit," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.46, no.9, pp.1150-1152.

·          Fortuna, L., Manganaro, G., Muscato, G., Nunnari, G. [1996] "Parallel simulation of cellular neural networks," Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol.22, no.1, pp.61-84.

·          Fradkov, A.L., Markov, A. [1997] "Adaptive synchronization of chaotic systems based on speed gradient method and passification," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.44, no.10, pp.905-912.

·          Galias, Z. [1997] "Positive topological entropy of Chua's circuit: a computer assisted proof," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.7, no.2, pp.331-349.

·          Galias, Z., Ogorzalek, M.J. [1999] "Study of synchronized motions in a one-dimensional array of coupled chaotic circuits," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.9, no.11, pp.2219-2224.

·          Ge, S.S., Wang, C. [1999] "Adaptive control of uncertain Chua's circuits," Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control Intelligent Systems and Semiotics (Cat. No.99CH37014). IEEE. pp.126-131.

·          Genesio, R., Tesi, A., Villoresi, F. [1993] "A Frequency Approach for Analyzing and Controlling Chaos in Nonlinear Circuits," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.40, no.11, pp.819-828.

·          Gilli, M. [1995] "A spectral approach for studying spatio-temporal chaos," 1995 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.95CH35771). IEEE. Part vol.1, pp.251-254.

·          Gilli, M. [1995] "Investigation of chaos in large arrays of Chua's circuits via a spectral technique," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.42, no.10, pp.802-806.

·          Gilli, M., Maggio, G.M. [1996] "Predicting chaos through an harmonic balance technique: an application to the time-delayed Chua's circuit," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.43, no.10, pp.872-874.

·          Gomez-Gesteira, M., Decastro, M., Perez-Villar, V. [1999] "On the role of random transversal uncoupling on re-entry formation," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.9, no.11, pp.2231-2236.

·          Gomez-Gesteira, M., Perez-Munuzuri, V., Chua, L.O., Perez-Villar, V. [1995] "Coexistence of excitability, Hopf and Turing modes in a one-dimensional array of nonlinear circuits," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.42, no.10, pp.672-677.

·          Gomez-Gesteirfa, M., deCastro, M., Perez-Villar, V., Chua, L.O. [1999] "Experimental Chua's circuit arrays as an autowave simulator," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.46, no.4, pp.495-499.

·          Goras, L., Chua, L.O. [1995] "Turing patterns in CNNs. II. Equations and behaviors," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.42, no.10, pp.612-626.

·          Goras, L., Chua, L.O. [1996] "Turing patterns in CNN's based on a new cell," 1996 Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications Proceedings (CNNA-96) (Cat. No.96TH8180). IEEE. pp.103-108.

·          Goras, L., Chua, L.O., Leenaerts, D.M.W. [1995] "Turing patterns in CNNs. I. Once over lightly," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.42, no.10, pp.602-611.

·          Gotz, M., Feldmann, U., Schwarz, W. [1993] "Synthesis of Higher Dimensional Chua Circuits," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.40, no.11, pp.854-860.

·          Grassi, G., Mascolo, S. [1998] "Design of nonlinear observers for hyperchaos synchronization using a scalar signal," Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.98CH36187). IEEE. Part vol.3, pp.283-286.

·          Grassi, G., Mascolo, S. [1998] "Synchronization of hyperchaotic cellular neural networks: a system theory approach," 1998 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks Proceedings. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (Cat. No.98CH36227). IEEE. Part vol.2, pp.1504-1509.

·          Grassi, G., Mascolo, S. [1999] "Synchronizing high dimensional chaotic systems via eigenvalue placement with application to cellular neural networks," International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol.9, no.4, pp.705-711.

·          Guanrong, C. [1993] "Controlling Chua's Global Unfolding Circuit Family," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.40, no.11, pp.829-832.

·          Harada, Y., Masuda, K., Ogawa, A. [1996] "Dynamical behavior of acoustically coupled chaos oscillators," Fractals-An Interdisciplinary Journal on the Complex Geometry of Nature, vol.4, no.3, pp.407-414.

·          Hartley, T.T., Lorenzo, C.F., Killory Qammer, H. [1995] "Chaos in a fractional order Chua's system," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.42, no.8, pp.485-490.

·          Hartley, T.T., Mossayebi, F. [1995] "On the control of an array of Chua's systems," 1995 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.95CH35771). IEEE. Part vol.2, pp.1536-1539.

·          Hein, S. [1993] "Exploiting Chaos to Suppress Spurious Tones in General Double-loop Sigma Delta Modulators," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II-Analog & Digital Signal Processing, vol.40, no.10, pp.651-659.

·          Hobson, P.R., Lansbury, A.N. [1996] "A simple electronic circuit to demonstrate bifurcation and chaos," Physics Education, vol.31, no.1, pp.39-43.

·          Hosny, E.A., Sobhy, M.I. [1994] "Analysis of chaotic behavior in lumped-distributed circuits applied to the time-delayed Chua's circuit," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.41, no.12, pp.915-918.

·          Hu, G., Jinghua, X., Chua, L.O., Pivka, L. [1998] "Controlling spiral waves in a model of two-dimensional arrays of Chua's circuits," Physical Review Letters, vol.80, no.9, pp.1884-1887.

·          Hu, G., Pivka, L, Zheleznyak, A.L. [1995] "Synchronization of a one-dimensional array of Chua's circuits by feedback control and noise," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.42, no.10, pp.736-740.

·          Huang, A. [1991] "Period Doubling and Period Plus One Law-chaotic Phenomena in Similar Chua's Circuit," China 1991 International Conference on Circuits and Systems. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.91TH0387-1). IEEE. vol.2, pp.736-739.

·          Huang, A. [1996] "On bounds of the parametric range of bifurcation of Chua's circuit," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I-Fundamental Theory & Applications, vol.43, no.8, pp.691-695.

·          Huang, An., Yang T. [1997] "Comment on "A new feedback control of a modified Chua's circuit system," Physica D, vol.102, no.3-4, pp.364-366.

·          Hwang, C.C., Chow, H.Y., Wang, Y.K. [1996] "A new feedback control of a modified Chua's circuit system," Physica D, vol.92, no.1-2, pp.95-100.

·          Hwang, C-C., Hsieh, J-Y., Lin, R-S. [1997] "A linear continuous feedback control of Chua's circuit," Chaos Solitons & Fractals, vol.8, no.9, pp.1507-1515.

·          Itoh, M. [1999] "Experimental study of impulsive synchronization," ISCAS'99. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems VLSI (Cat. No.99CH36349). IEEE. Part vol.5, pp.410-413.

·          Itoh, M., Murakami, H. [1995] "New communication systems via chaotic synchronizations and modulations," IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications & Computer Sciences, vol.E78-A, no.3, pp.285-290.

·          Itoh, M., Murakami, H., Chua, L.O. [1994] "Communication systems via chaotic modulations," IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications & Computer Sciences, vol.E77-A, no.6, pp.1000-1006.

·          Itoh, M., Murakami, H., Chua, L.O. [1994] "Controlling chaotic motions in Chua's circuit via tunnels," 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.94CH3435-5). IEEE. Part vol.6, pp.89-92.

·          Itoh, M., Murakami, H., Chua, L.O. [1994] "Performance of Yamakawa's chaotic chips and Chua's circuits for secure communications," 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.94CH3435-5). IEEE. Part vol.6, pp.105-108.

·          Itoh, M., Murakami, H., Chua, L.O. [1994] "Secure communication systems via Yamakawa's chaotic chips and Chua's circuits," Proceedings of the Third IEEE Conference on Fuzzy Systems. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (Cat. No.94CH3430-6). IEEE. Part vol.2, pp.1293-1296.

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Simplest Chaotic System with a Hyperbolic Sine

Simplest Chaotic System with a Hyperbolic Sine

Oscillating circuit using a TL084 op amp.
It's similar to Chua's Circuit with chaos, bifurcation, etc.

The two LEDs are there for use without an oscilloscope...here is a version by Sprott without LEDs: http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/pubs/paper352.htm

I hate breadboards, oscillating circuits never seem to work, so here is my point-to-point wired beauty:

Ground clips from oscilloscope probes went to gathered ground wires from the op amp (which actually came off the positive output pins!). Clipped the probes onto the legs of a couple of the ceramic capacitors to take a reading.


Connected the two 9 volt batteries together and then ran positive wire and negative wire from the appropriate free battery posts.

Simple layout:

Good old TL084 pinout. I think I actually used TL084ACN (newer version):

Resistor R1 = 13kΩ,

All other resistors are 10kΩ.

All the capacitors are 0.01µF monolithic ceramic capacitors.

At first I kept getting the 'flying hotdog' which in the report of Liu, Sprott, Wang and Ma they accepted as a valid output. I was only getting it when nothing else was responding. Here is a pic of it, but it's not cool or interesting:






This is where the awesomeness starts! I had to touch my finger to the negative 9v battery output to get this circuit ring (actually it's a jerk circuit, so maybe it jerks?). This is because I didn't put a potentiometer at the double 9volt battery supply. It was full +/- 9 volts.



It is close to a chaotic attractor associated with a type I class 3 eigenvalue patttern.

This mimics (well, gets close anyway to) another valid response according to Liu et al's paper. It rarely showed up, because I wasn't varying the power supply much:

Chaos is a steady-state behavior possible in any nonlinear continuous system, if its order is above 2 in a forced circuit; or 3 in certain autonomous circuits.

 

We're just waiting for the thunder storm to pass by. 

BASIC vs SMALL BASIC 2020 Edition!!!

BASIC vs SMALL BASIC 2020 Edition!!!

So, here is an iterated logistic difference equation that I've posted about before showing animal population growth. I'm re-posting the old-timey BASIC version...and at the bottom giving the year 2019/2020 SMALL BASIC version that you can pop into Microsoft's still up and running (!) Small BASIC online app (there is a downloadable version too!).

First the original old-timey BASIC from 1980s version:

If you run it on an online BASIC simulator it works. For this, an online simulator works fine. Try this one:  https://repl.it/repls/InsignificantTepidEquipment


If you type "2" as your input the population hovers at around half an animal. If you type "5" as your starting population it goes to infinity (which is an error). So you need numbers less than 4 to keep it running true. The population levels out if you put in 1.5 as a start:


10 N=.1
20 INPUT"VALUE OF R";R
30 FOR I=1 TO 30
40 N1=R*N*(1-N)
50 PRINT N1
60 N=N1
70 NEXT I




Here is the screen capture of it in action:

Infinity: that's a lot of kitties! But an error in the program of going too high (R=5).

So here is R = 3.999

SMALL BASIC YEAR 2020 VERSION:

There is a new version of BASIC from Microsoft available as a download or an online simulator here: https://smallbasic-publicwebsite.azurewebsites.net/

It's called Small Basic...and the language is different!!! I had to use my mind-brain for about 2 minutes to port the program over (copy/paste, delete line numbers, search and find new variable command words like "textwindow.readnumber", etc.)


Here's a cut and paste version of the above script in the new language (it works, but doesn't give as many lines of results):

N=0.1

TextWindow.Write("What is the value of R? ")

R = TextWindow.ReadNumber()

FOR I=1 TO 30

N1=R*N*(1-N)

TextWindow.WriteLine("The result it " + N1 + ".")

N=N1

ENDfor

Each one of these lines is a seperate line in Small Basic (just number them 1, 2, 3, etc.) like this screenshot:

Oddly, it cannot handle decimals for the R value, so here is R=5:

Fun in (Small) BASIC for the year 2020!!!!!!!!!!!

How did I actually convert it? I pasted my old BASIC program into the new Microsoft Small Basic online window. It gave errors on almost every line.

Then I posted at the end a working program.

Then I compared them visually to see how they do know what they used to do and what new words (commands) did those things.  Old-timey "Print" became that "Textwindow.WriteLine" thing. Also, at the last line you must write "ENDfor" or else it won't run. Annoying but neat.

One day maybe I'll do the Fractal Mandelbrot program in the new Small Basic language.


Here's a cool modification that won't crash your computer since Small BASIC is modern:

N=0.1

TextWindow.Write("What is the value of R? ")

R = TextWindow.ReadNumber()

FOR I=1.00 TO 100.00

N1=R*N*(1-N)

TextWindow.WriteLine("The result it " + N1 + ".")

N=N1

ENDfor

See above, make the 4th line say "FOR I=1.00 to 100.00" and it will run a longer amount of lines.

You can make the second number 5000 and watch your computer just spew out the maths.

After a couple runs you need to copy and paste your program in again, it will stop working.

Of course, I wasn't saving and loading (or compiling) the program, just make changes. Copy,

click to reload the online simulator, re-paste in your program and make any changes. Annoying!

But fun.

-Happy Thanksgiving 2019!!!!

PADLOCK SHIMS THE EASY WAY

PADLOCK SHIMS THE EASY WAY

In my video above I use a lock pick tool called a "padlock shim" or padlock shim pick.

These are available on Amazon and eBay for around $3 per set of three different sizes, a pair each size.


Some things to remember about padlock shim picks:

1. Don't stick them straight down on the latch mechanism. This will ruin the tip and get you nowhere fast.
2. You put the shim on the opposite side of the latch and then slide it around side-ways to pick the latch.
3. Some padlocks (like the one in my video) have two latches. One on each side of the u-latch. So you will have to use two shims.
4. Usually one side will be easy: just slide the shim down into the body of the padlock and then slide it around the u-latch sideways until it goes under the latch.
5. The other side might be harder: slide the shim down, but not all the way down. Then jiggle the u-latch while sliding the shim sideways but also a little up and down to sneak it under the other latch.

These shims are cheap online! Buy a set to practice with. If you use them correctly you should have no wear on the pointed tips of the shims, but you will eventually get wear on the sides of the shims. These are a "consumable" item: they get worn out. Buy a set cheap online, practice, then you can try cutting your own from soda cans or roof flashing from the hardware store. The shims I have are a little stiffer than soda cans. They're closer to the thickness and stiffness of roof flashing, which you can buy at places like Home Depot. The only problem is that it comes in like 40' rolls.

The $50 shims from companies like "HFC" come with instructions warning that they too will wear out quickly. The shims have to be soft enough to work. So, buy the cheapest shims you can find that won't take forever to arrive. In the end they'll all wear out quickly--the super cheap ones usually come with nice rubber grip thingies, but they're not really necessary if you eventually learn to cut your own shims cleanly without jagged edges.

Spring loaded shackles can easily be opened with these shims, but they're not good for Stationary Ball Bearing (BB) type padlocks. Most padlocks that have bodies made from laminated layers of thin rectangles of steel are usually the easy to open shackle type.

For attempting, try and see if the lock is actually operational. If it's all rusty and the u-latch doesn't jiggle it might be rusted shut: time for some Liquid Wrench spray.

I write in a conversational style and use the pronoun "you" in place of "I" just as a personal authorial idiosyncrasy, this is NOT a how-to manual for high voltage electronics, lock picking, radiation handling, etc. 

Did you know (and I'm not a lawyer) that just possession of locksmith equipment in certain places by an unlicensed person is a crime? That, like pocket-knife laws these laws can vary not only by state, but by each city you travel through? Research your laws (all the cities you go in and your state and county laws) if you want to become a sport-picker (or actual locksmith).

There must be a whole wing in every prison filled with dudes who are all like "but some guy on the internet said it was okay!" 

I wonder, is it a cat-burglar alarm or a cat burglar-alarm? Is it a cat that meows when a burglar is around or an alarm that lets you know a cat-burglar is close by? Do they steal cats? Meow!

Crystal Testing Circuit

Crystal Testing Circuit 

Quick oscillator circuit, powering a 16MHz crystal. 

Powered by 2.4vDC:

Hex inverter pinout:

Breadboard circuit:

16MHz on the frequency meter:

It worked dead on with a 16MHz crystal, ok with slightly higher frequency crystals but was unstable at lower frequencies. Just need to adjust capacitors and resistors.

This uses a 74hc04 hex inverter IC chip.

RTL-SDR Dongle Easy Setup

RTL-SDR Dongle Easy Setup

OK, I'm totally new to all of this so I bought this dongle. It's for Software Defined Radio. You can listen to a zillion different types of radio communication with it. If you add a $30 Ham It Up Plus you can listen to Russian submarine base broadcasts or VLF waves and listen to solar flares and meteors hitting our atmosphere and lightening strikes hundreds of miles away!

Here is basically my Amazon review for it.

I went to the "quickstart setup guide" listed on the outside of this device. Like the 3rd step said to go to airspy website and download their SDRsharp software. The website (as of 5/20/2019) has been dead all day. Crud! I tried the manual driver downloads and the Zadig download thing which downloaded, but there's no actual software radio since you still have to get a program to run the interface.

So, I poked around other places and got some even cooler (?) software to run this thing: "SDR Console v3" from sdr-radio dot com.  Downloaded, it took a while since it was 137MB.

I plugged in this dongle. Nothing happened. Tried it over and over. Then I plugged it into a regular USB port on my computer (instead of one labeled "SS" and I heard the usual bing-bong Windows 10 has detected a new device being plugged in. Cool!

I started up the SDR Console v3 software. It asked what dongle I was using and I chose "RTL dongle" or something very similar (I did NOT select the TCP version, it's the USB version).

BAM: nice radio static. It was working!!!!!!

So then I thought: I have no antenna, just a dongle at this point. Also, I have no idea what any of this is.
So it was "RTL Dongle-R820T" in a new window > select Bandwidth = 2MHz (for no reason) > click "Start" > static!

Then I went to the middle, left side of screen and clicked on "BFM" (Broadcast FM).

In the upper left part of screen there is a "Receive" box labeled RX1. You click either above or below each frequency number to change it higher or lower. I'm in Detroit and a strong radio station is 101.1 FM WRIF radio. So I got that input into the type left.

Still static...so I bent a metal paperclip straight and held it up to the hole in the USB dongle meant for antenna: BAM I COULD HEAR THE FM RADIO STATION REALLY WELL!!!!!!! Then up on the screen popped another window that said "101.1 Van Halen" and it was giving me band name and song title information of what the station was playing!!!!!

So, that's how you get up and running in under 5 minutes.

After this you can get a "Ham it up PLUS" box to plug in to this that converts ELF and VLF signals if you want to listen to military submarine base signal (cosmic rays and solar flares interfere with these so you can detect space and atmospheric events this way).

Plan on buying various SMA adapters and antennas and adapters to plug those antennas into sma connectors.

Right now I'm happy with my scotch tape/paperclip antenna. I'm still waiting for the other stuff to arrive (Ham It up PLUS converter, antennas, wire to wind my own 2' square vlf antenna, fm filter (glad I didn't have that working while I was testing, lol!), a powered lo-noise filter. These add-ons can possibly be powered by following the RTL website's guide to turning on "Bias Tee" which I *think* puts electricity through the device to power any add-on boxes you add to this thing (not necessary, but possibly fun).

WARNING: I did get the Zadig software to work and did the "replace driver" step BEFORE I got the SDR Console software downloaded and running, I'm not sure if that helped or made no difference.

So, I took the paperclip away and just touched the outside of the dongle with thumb and index finger: it got reception on that station too! Sounded great and on the screen it said "American Bad Ass by Kid Rock", so it's getting the digital information from the station in addition to the music! With no antenna!

So, in the SDR Console software you can pick all sorts of bands: AM, FM, SAM, ECSS-L/ECSS-U, CW-U, CW-L, GBM, NFM, WFM, LSB, USB, DSB, Wide-L, Wide-U.  Each one of these will require a different antenna plugged into the dongle: some just a few inches of thin wire or paperclip...some might need 30' tall coax, lol.

If you add a Ham It up PLUS box it upconverts a lot more bands to be listenable, but I think you have to tune the software radio to 125MHz...and then you can listen down to ULF, VLF, LF, MF and HF frequencies. On Amazon I ordered one of those (the cheaper circuit board only) and a blue metal box to put it in, along with some other junk that I'm not sure if I'll need, but it'll be fun.

So, that's how I went from ZERO radio experience to listening (at least to FM) with my dongle.

Oh, the dongle gets pretty darn HOT to the touch.

I'm pretty good at updating Blogger with helpful information--give me a week or two to play with this thing and the other accessories I bought.

I attached a blurry photo showing the nice interface and me holding my paperclip antenna> You can see I set the upper left frequency box to "101.1". The middle left box has the "BLM" broadcast FM option yellow click highlighted. The bottom left box has a 250hz filter selected (for no real reason, it was just on). To the left of my hand a block box says "ON 101.1 One Metallica" showing the Metallica song "One" was playing. AWESOME!!!

Now I'll just be researching other frequencies and their antenna requirements and buying or hand-making various antennae for fun.

Once I get the upconverter (Ham It Up PLUS) I'll make a 2' square VLF antenna which is super-easy. Get a 2' picture frame and wrap a wire around it 40-50 times or 120 times depending on which website I'm to believe, either way: super simple. Oh, THIS DONGLE ONLY RECEIVES...you can't transmit with it. Although I believe if you do get a transmitter of some the Ham It Up Plus converter does support transmitting down to 300hz. Not sure if that's wise of legal or whatever, but this dongle is for listening only--which is fine.

Hope this helps total newbies!
Mike from Detroit.

Seeing NFC with Oscilloscope

Seeing NFC with Oscilloscope

In the last post (https://michaellogusz.blogspot.com/2019/03/wireless-power-transmission-to-make.html) I showed a smart card reader.

This smart card reader sends and receives 13.56Mhz signals for Near Field Communication. To test it I put a little LED chip that lights up by harvesting 13.56Mhz energy.

I wanted to see these waves on my oscilloscope. I found one super simple way to sniff NFC signals and another that was almost as easy.

The first thing I did was plug my RFID smart card reader thing into a cell phone AC wall charger outlet. Luckily, that made the card reader constantly send out a continuous NFC signal. This way I didn't have to hook it up to a computer and keep clicking "read" to get a signal. Nice!

Next I turned my oscilloscope probe into a signal tracer antenna sniffer loop. How did I do this? I clipped the alligator ground clip to the tip of the probe. That's it! Oh, I also set the probe to 10x instead of 1x. That's not a big deal, but the readout on screen looked nicer, because I had the scope set to 10x for no particular reason I can recall.

Anyway, then on my Rigol oscilloscope I clicked "Clear" button and all of a sudden all 4 channels came on. I shut them off one-by-one except for channel 1. I must have had some weird settings leftover from last time I was playing with it, because after seeing nonsense information all of a sudden I was treated to this:

Big waves with tiny little waves jiggling around inside them. If you look at the center of the photo you'll see toward the bottom "Freq = 13.7MHz". This would constantly go from 13.56MHz to slightly above and below. There was my Near Field Communication signal from the card reader right on screen.



Then I thought, what if I used an actual antenna made for NFC--instead of my home made loop? So, I fished around in a junk drawer and phone a broken phone I found in the garbage that had an NFC antenna. This antenna is pictured below. It's actually technically not an antenna: it's an NFC and wireless charging induction coil.

As you can see by my drawings I took a multimeter and did continuity tests. It turns out the little copper connection boxes (which I arbitrarily numbered 1-7) aren't all connected.

Boxes 1, 2 and 4 connect to each other.
Boxes 3 and 7 connect to each other.


So, I hooked my oscilloscope probe tip and ground clip up: one went to 1 or 2 or 4; and the other went to 3 or 7.

When I slammed this induction sniffer onto the card reader I got a way cooler looking set of waves and the frequency readout at the bottom of the oscilloscope screen read 13.56MHz most of the time.

In this way I sort of proved that the smart card reader was putting out 13.5MHz waves, but also that the phone induction coil wasn't just self-resonating at 13.5Mhz: because my crappy sniffer loop in the first part of this experiment also gave me 13.5MHz.

If you have an oscilloscope that's 50-100Mhz you can do this too. However, older scopes that don't go up that high (I have many scopes that are under 10Mhz) won't show you 13.5MHz waves. I think you're supposed to have an oscilloscope that is rated about 5 times the signal you're trying to see. Theoretically, my oscilloscope would be just under this...but it still worked.

If you want to do this the correct way, you'd by a $9000 spectrum analyzer or one of those cool hand-held "RF Explorer" boxes that go up to 6GHz (GIG! not Meg) so like 6000MHz. RF Explorer has units that are weirdly advertised and named so you think you're getting a certain range of frequency, but it's not really that range. For this I think they have a model that's only $180 that would do the trick, for a little more you can get a 2.4GHz model to play with Wifi signals (but I don't think that model can go down to 13MHz. The RF Explorer units range from $120-$500 and up.

The best thing they have is a signal generator that can go up to 6GHz. I thought about getting one of those for doing this same stuff with WiFi signals, but my oscilloscope can't go up to the Gig range (only MHz). Then I came up with an idea: the router I used for my last post about lectennas puts out 2.4 and 5Ghz signals: just plug an ethernet cable into one port and then into another of it's output ports: create a loop back into itself: this creates a packet storm and plenty of WiFI waves flooding the room. This might also be a way to stress-test a WiFi system, lol: no anechoic chamber and spectrum generators needed.

Anyway, after clearing the settings the frequency stopped bouncing around from 60-100Hz and went to 13.5MHz, and cool waves appeared. Not sure why that didn't happen until I hit "clear" on the oscilloscope. Keep fiddling with buttons and sometimes stuff just works out!